The paper presents a novel two-stage classification framework designed to minimize calibration overhead while maintaining robust performance across multiple therapy sessions. Validation on a clinical dataset of 480 sessions from 30 post-stroke patients demonstrated that the intra-subject approach achieved 77.4% average accuracy, significantly outperforming inter-subject models (61.4%). Patients with extensive longitudinal data (>20 sessions) consistently achieved accuracies above 80%, highlighting the importance of personalized adaptation. The framework successfully addresses critical deployment challenges by reducing patient fatigue, eliminating per-session recalibration requirements, and maximizing therapeutic intervention time. These improvements represent a significant advancement toward practical clinical implementation of MI-BCI systems for neurorehabilitation.

The paper presents the design and validation of a compact, low-power device for proprioceptive stimulation of the upper limb. The stimulator is part of a broader rehabilitation framework combining virtual reality (VR), immersive feedback, and brain–computer interface (BCI) technologies. It integrates a Vybronics linear resonant actuator driven by a Renesas DA7280 controller and a SiLabs BGM220P systemon-package with Bluetooth Low Energy connectivity. Hardware offloading using the Peripheral Reflex System (PRS) and Linked Direct Memory Access (LDMA) enables CPU-independent waveform playback and reduced energy use. Power profiling with confirmed efficient operation, with peak power below 332 mW. Empirical tests using 80 randomized patterns applied to the biceps tendon showed consistent proprioceptive sensations for specific waveforms. The device demonstrates the feasibility of delivering controlled proprioceptive feedback in portable, multimodal rehabilitation systems.

The paper presents a pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, usability, and short-term motor outcomes of an immersive VR-assisted rehabilitation program using the Travee-VR system. Fourteen adults with post-stroke upper-limb paresis completed a 10-day hybrid rehabilitation program combining conventional therapy with immersive VR sessions. Feasibility and tolerability were assessed through adherence, adverse events, the System Usability Scale (SUS), and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ). Motor outcomes included active and passive range of motion (AROM, PROM) and a derived GAP index (PROM–AROM). Correlations between clinical changes and in-game performance metrics were explored to identify potential digital biomarkers of recovery. All participants completed the program without adverse events. Usability was rated as high (mean SUS = 79 ± 11.3), and cybersickness remained mild (SSQ < 40). Significant improvements were observed in shoulder abduction (+7.3°, p < 0.01) and elbow flexion (+5.8°, p < 0.05), with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Performance gains in the Fire and Fruits games correlated with clinical improvement in shoulder AROM (ρ = 0.45, p = 0.041). Cluster analysis identified distinct responder profiles, reflecting individual variability in neuroplastic adaptation.

The paper examines how Virtual Reality environments can support relaxation and identifies key design principles that can guide researchers and developers in creating effective calming experiences. It also compares different approaches used to promote relaxation, distinguishing between passive environments, where users mainly observe, and active environments, where users engage in guided tasks or interactions. A multi-phase review methodology was employed, drawing from five major scientific databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and SpringerLink).

The paper aimes to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) simulations for stroke code training among neurology residents. Eight residents participated in two VR simulations of stroke alert codes, and their performance was tracked using a standardized checklist. Following the VR session and debrief, residents completed two anonymous surveys assessing the technical and educational aspects of the VR simulation. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Participants reported the VR simulation to be effective in improving their medical knowledge and clinical skills, with an average score of 4.0 out of 5 in both surveys. Most participants felt more confident in managing stroke code alerts, with an average score of 4.13 out of 5